Stakeholder Impact Essay Example for Free

Stakeholder Impact Essay Stakeholder are groups of people who have interest in an organization and have the potential to impact or influence or to be impacted on, or to be influenced by the event. As good engagement with stakeholders is critical to successful event planning and delivery, therefore we should handle stakeholders and their needs carefully. If this crisis is poorly handled, it might create a wide impact on the event or even the event organization’s reputation. Therefore, it is very important to analyse each stakeholder, both individual and group, and then decide on the appropriate approach for each of them to keep them involved and supportive. In general, there are two types of stakeholder who can create impact to an organization or project which is internal stakeholder and external stakeholder. Internal stakeholders are people within the organization, for example employee, owner and shareholder. Therefore they can affect the hierarchy status using the formal power such as authority and senior position. They can also create influence to the organization culture with their leadership style or personal charisma. In addition, they can take control of strategic resources with their responsibility for strategic products. They also own the possession of knowledge and skills as they might own the expert knowledge to operate the project. For example, the balloonists in the hotair balloon event own the knowledge to fly the balloon. Other than that, internal stakeholder can control the environment due to their network relationships to external stakeholders. For example, the event planner of a company is the one who interact with the clients, so if he/she leaves the company, the clients might follow him/her too. Last but not the least is that they have involvement in strategy implementation, internal stakeholder have the decision power to do changes for example changing the supplier, suggesting other venue and so on. External stakeholders are people related to the project or organization who can affect and be affected by any decision made but not a member of them. They have the power to control the strategic resources. For example a monopolistic supplier has the power to decide the price and thus result in high cost for the organization. They also have involvement in strategy implementation; such external stakeholder may be strategic partners in distribution channels like media. They can also have to work together with the organization to find out the best way to send out the information to the target market. Other than that, they also have the possession of knowledge and skills. Examples are, organization outsources for subcontractors in order to utilize their expertise for the benefits of the organization.

Malnutrition in Older Hospitalised Patients

Malnutrition in Older Hospitalised Patients Malnutrition has significantly increased in the ageing population resulting in a major health problem in the United Kingdom and is a cause and consequence of ill health. This essay will seek to critique three research papers based on Malnutrition in older hospitalised patient. It will include evaluation of strengths, limitations of the research and a reflection on how the researched was undertaken. Evidence has shown that malnutrition cost the National Health Service around thirteen billons a year resulting in one of the highest spend in health care (British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2009).Dunne (2009) also states that one in five people ranging from 65 and over will be affected by malnutrition by the year 2020. Malnutrition is therefore â€Å"a state in which a deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins, and mineral causes measurable adverse effects on body composition function or clinical outcome† (National Institute for health and Clinical Excellence, 2006). In light of the information above, this had stimulated an interest to conduct a research to analyse what is being done and what can be done to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in older patient. Whilst out in placement, I witness nutrition fell low on the list of nursing priorities of care, not by choice but nurses have so many tasks to complete in a given day. I observe both nurses and health care assistant struggled to cope during meal times and expressed their frustration on the subject on few occasion. Also looking at it from a professional stand point, malnutrition can affect every system in the body leading patients to become vulnerable to illness. This can lead to complication and in the worst case death, it also increases patient’s length of stay in hospital and readmission of patients to hospital. It is vital that information that is used to address malnutrition is extracted from evidence based sources as this aims to provide care in a suitable and efficient way to patient (Craig Smyth, 2007). I used critical appraisal skills programme to analyse my research paper as this model helped me to ascertain the relevance and importance a particular research topic relates to practice as well as conduct a systematic review of the article .It assess whether the three research paper was worth reading and helped me to make sense of the qualitative information (Cutcliffe Ward, 2007). I obtained my three research paper by using search engine such as CINAHL, INTERNURSE and PUBMED. I searched CINAHL (2007 to 2013), INTERNURSE (2005 to 2013) and PUBMED (2007 to 2013) for articles published in English. The search strategy will be explained in details in the reflection section part of the essay and will be demonstrated in Table 1 and Table 2. Table three comprises of the three research which can be found in the appendix. Reflection is seen as an important aspect of nursing, as it improves the quality of care we give to patient as well as it can enhance practice and greater competence. Ghaye, Gillespie and Lillyman (2000) point out that, reflection is a central part of experiential learning and the improvement of practical knowledge. I have chosen to use Rolfe et al model over John’s model because it gave me a better understanding in comparison with John model. It consists of three simple questions which are what, so what and now what. This helped me to organise my thought process. In the next sections of the essay two tables will be shown to depict my search strategy along with the critical appraisal of the three research paper. SEARCH STRATEGY Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Table 2. Identifying and selecting relevant articles The first research paper was written by Angela Dickinson, Carol Welch, Laurie Ager, entitled No longer hungry in hospital: Improving the hospital mealtime experience for older people through action research, published in the year 2007. The title reflected the content of the research and was clear, specific and concise. It seeks to draw the reader attention to the exact area of study conducted. Marshall (2005) states that a research article should accurately and succinctly reflect the content of the work allowing the reader to be stimulated by the content. This is important as a title that is long and ambiguous can lead to misunderstanding and somewhat misleading. The abstract was excellent, in that it was succinct, containing no jargon and clearly written in a coherent manner that gave a satisfactory overview of the study. It was able to stand on its own as it includes brief summary of the Aims and objectives of the research, the background surrounding the study, the methods used, results collated, the conclusion and the relevance to clinical practice. Paratoo, (2006) points out that the information provided in an abstracts should aids readers to decide whether to obtain the entire article or not. Although evidence shown that ethical approval was granted, no mention of consent of the subjects taken part in the research as in accordance with the Nursing and midwifery council code of professional conduct (2008) which states that consent should be obtained before undertaking any task. Also the authors stipulated that they were unaware of other studies available that addresses meal time care in the way they have carried out the research. A more thorough search could have been conducted to rule out this assumption as this research paper might just be adding to knowledge and understanding already available or it could have been compared and contrasted to better understand the issue or to establish new truths The second research paper was written by Heaven, B, Bamford, C, May, C and Moynihan P entitled Food work and feeding assistance on hospital ward and published in the year 2012. The Authors gave a timely overview into the prevalence of malnutrition in the introduction extracted from reputable sources and demonstrate a good critiquing ability by identifying a gap in a previous related study of which they concluded that little is recounted on the practicalities of the provision of food in hospital and how feeding assistance is seen alongside other nursing priorities which lead them to justified their rationale for undertaking the research. Wigen (2003) states that an introduction should illuminate the rational for the research and highlight any previous research that was conducted on the similar topic. The Authors used a qualitative paradigm research that made it straight forward to follow and was applicable for the intended research. Methods such as interview and focus group was utilised to investigate malnutrition in older hospitalised patient. They provide evidences illustrating that interviews, allowed them to get close to their subject to glean information and to clarify questions that were not fully understand. The focus group they find helped them create an atmosphere where discussion and brain storming can occur to establish the problems surrounding malnutrition in older hospitalised patient and finding measures that can help to resolve the problem. Ellis (2010) suggests that the relationship between the researcher and the researched is part of the research process and is essential to gain the insider perspective that qualitative research seeks to pursue. In addition qualitative research is more suited for nursing as it can focus more on the care a patient receive as well a s their experiences (Jolley , 2010). The author took ethical issues into consideration as appropriate measures were put in place to obtain consent and prevent physical harm, hunger, discomfort or psychological suffering by not carrying out observation on feeding assistance. Ellis, 2010 highlights that ethics should saturate all that nurses do in the delivery of health and social care. However the implication of using method such as interviews can sometimes be hard to replicate as people tend to give their views, attitude, ideals ,pre-existing ideas and their beliefs which does not necessary explains the point to why malnutrition does occur (Ellis, 2010). In addition, they can be take up vast amount of time and can be expensive (Jolley, 2010). The third research paper was written by Vanderwee, K, Clays, E, Bocquaert, I, Verhaeghe, S, Lardennois, M, Gobert, M and Defloor, T, entitled Malnutrition and Nutrition care practices in hospital wards for older people, published in the year 2010. This research was conducted in a hospital ward for older people in Belgium. Although the research was not conducted in the UK, this paper gave insights that suggest that malnutrition in older hospitalised patient is not only a reoccurring problem in the UK but a wide spread problem. The sample selection process was adequately described, stating the intended process of the research by using precision in information provided such as, the time period the research was carried out, the age restriction of patient involved in the research process. Consent was also obtained and adhered as specified by the Department of health (2009) which states that consent must be given unless stated or proven otherwise that they do not have the mental capacity to do so. The authors did an exceptional job in the discussion by highlighting information that was already known about the topic extracted from a wide range of credible evidence based sources that support the importance of nutrition. It contains the findings of the research which identify a balance argument into the meaning of the result and provide recommendation that was developed from the finding. Lastly, it highlights some thought-provoking lines of enquiry for future studies to be undertaken to tackle the problem and to extend knowledge of malnutrition in older hospitalised patient. . The limitation of this study indicates that the authors use a cross sectional study where all information of nutrition status and nutritional care practices of the ward was collated at the same time. Hence, no casual connection could be identified and patients and health care professionals could not express their views on malnutrition, leading to results that could not be quantified. (ref give reason as to why quantitative study)The author or researcher could have carried out a longitudinal study to research and analyse the impact that malnutrition has on older hospitalised patient .Ref (back up the benefits of longitudinal study) . Collectively, these three research paper provide concrete evidence on the prevalence of Malnutrition and the dire consequent it has on the aging population and Health Service. They mention the benefits that can be derived from the prevention of malnutrition and practical steps that need to put in place to help tack malnutrition extracted from NICE guidelines (2006). A general consensus among the authors of the respective paper that for true progress to be achieve in preventing malnutrition all health professional needs to understands the pervasiveness of malnutrition in hospital and the effect patient nutrition care may have on whole clinical outcome. Lastly they conclude that nutrition intervention greatly improved clinical outcome and reduce cost of care, predominantly in patient 65 years of age and above and challenge health care professional to address the barriers and change the paradigm of nutrition care. However, authors from one of the research paper went as far as to say that health professional have often failed to prioritise understanding the enormity of malnutrition in their respective hospital and the impact on cost and quality of care and was backed up by the Bapen ,2009 ) that states that nurses are at time removes from the task of assisting patient at meal time and has been delegated to less qualified staff which further strengthen the notion that mealtime care is unskilled and not important. My first challenge in conducting a research was to identify a topic or area of interest. This was obtained by looking at websites such as Royal College of Nursing, talking with my lecturers, students and staffs on placement as well as reflecting on issues that I was personally interested in. After Collating all the information, I sift through interests, experiences and ideas that had been discussed eventually leading me to conduct a research on Malnutrition and consolidated by the use of the Rolfe et al reflective model. I undertake my research by using a selection of different sources such as Cinahl, internurse, PubMed, Cochrane library but instantaneously found out using these data base on their own can produce a wide variety of information. The search strategies was very instrumental as it helped me to effectively narrow my search down to a manageable number and furthermore it was less time consuming .The search strategy includes Boolean operator, key words that encapsulate malnutrition , peer reviewed and limiters of inclusion and exclusion outline in table 1 and table 2 . For example, when I type malnutrition into Cinahl without using the search strategy I obtained an exhaustive result of 6461. I did another search this time with a more specific aim and objective of a topic and the usage of the different search strategy which includes peer reviewed article , date restrictions (2007- 2013) which eliminate old article , key words (malnutrition and nutrition, hospital and older people) this refined my search down to 11 papers. My aim is to obtained three paper for my research ,so I read through the abstract eliminating paper that had no relevance to my chosen topic . I also found that the Abstract was a good indicator to identify relevant keywords to help with my search. I was now short of one paper so I check the Cochrane library which did not produce any relevant article followed by PubMed which produced 112389 at first. I included my search strategy using key words such as malnutrition, older people, hospital, feeding and a time period of 5 years, this further reduced my number down to 10 hits .I also examine the abstract with a critical eye and scan through literature to find the appropriate research articles. Although I did not use wild card and truncation I know the importance of their uses and I am quite positive they will come in handy in the future. Part of the aim of this assignment was to gain information and understanding of malnutrition in older hospitalised patient by examining the evidence that is already available and seek to find new knowledge on what can be done to reduce malnutrition among the target group. This has put me in good stead as I have gain tremendous amount of insight into the evidence I found from the three research article as well information glean from books and journals that can be applied into practice. For example It was interesting to read nutrition now 2007, who took on a proactive approach in dealing with malnutrition by educating all members of the multidisplinary team to better understand the primacy of good nutritional care and the pivotal role they play in providing it and also implementing ways to work effectively as a team to eliminate the problem of malnutrition. Age concern (2006) also implemented seven steps to end the scandal of malnutrition in hospital, evidence was also shown how variou s hospital took on the initiative, saw a significant improvement in their quest to reduce malnutrition in their hospitals. The ultimate key is to systematically recognise patients who are malnourished or at risk and quickly intervene (Dunne, 2009) The implication of the research papers showed that although research had been carried out and the accessibility of validated screening tools malnutrition still continues to go unnoticed and untreated in many older hospitalised patients (Bapen, 2009). As a student nurse it is important that refection is part of my daily routine as this can enhance my effectiveness as an individual that enhances the quality of care I give to patient. I identify that malnutrition is every one responsibility and requires the collaboration of a multidisplinary team to leverage success in tackling malnutrition and that preventing malnutrition is a pivotal role in my nursing practice Undertaking this assignment I was able to identify my shortfall and limitation and has taught me effectively ways to conduct a search and access academically evidence based resources. This illustrated to me the importance of not taking information at face value but adhering to the correct procedure to obtain articles and examining articles with a critical and analytical mind to decide the credibility of the article. As the profession Nursing, cannot agree to any research at face value and need to be able to ascertain strengths and limitations of the research when evaluating the information available on the research topic (Ryan et al 2007). Conclusion To above information has demonstrated APPENDIX Table 3 Research studies critically appraised REFERENCES

Bharti AIRTEL Case Study

Bharti AIRTEL Case Study Bharti Airtel is a public limited company commonly known as AIRTEL .it is a Indian telecom company which is currently operating its business across south Asia, Africa and channel islands, it is also into the GSM providing business in all the countries including 2G3G services. Due to its operations in 19 countries, Airtel is now the 5th largest telecom operator in the world with over207.8 million subscribers at the end of 2010. It is the largest cellular service provider in India with over153 million subscribers, behind china mobile and china Unicom Airtel is the third largest operator by subscriber base. TYPE public INDUSTRY telecommunication FOUNDED 7 JULY 1995 FOUNDER Sunil Bharti mittal HEADQUATER New Delhi AREA SERVED South Asia, Africa, Channel Island SERVICES Mobile network Wireless Landline Broadband Satellite television REVENUE 9.290 billion OPERATING INCOME 2.313 billion PROFITS 2.079 billion TOATAL ASSESTS 15.527 billion TOTAL EQUITY 9.491 billion EMPLOYEES 24,501 PARENT Bharti Enterprise (63.45%) SingTel (32.15%) Vodafone (4.4%) WEBSITE airtel .com BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sunil Bharti Mittal Manoj Kohli Joint Akhil Gupta Chua Sock Koong Tan Yong Choo Nikesh Arora Pulak Chandan Prasad Lord Evan Mervyn Davies H.E. Dr Salim Ahmad Salim Tsun-yan Hsieh Rajan Bharti Mittal Rakesh Bharti Mittal Craig Ehrlich Ajay Lal Bashir Abdulla Currimjee Mauro Sentinelli N.Kumar H.R POLICIES OF ORGANIZATION Strategic human management means formulating and executing human resource policies and practices of the organization that produce the employee competencies and behaviours the company needs to achieve its strategic aims. The strategic plan implies certain workforce requirement, in terms of employee skills, attributes, and behaviours that HR must deliver to enable the business to achieve its strategic goals. SERVICE RULE In Airtel you are an at will employee, this mean you are working at your own will without any force or pressure, before you join the company you must sign terms and condition agreement that will state corporate governance of the company that must be followed by all employees, in violation of the agreement, it can lead to termination of the employment. Employees must report to their superior and maintain disciplinary work. All employees will be paid monthly by cheque procedure. In case of leave employees must draft a detailed application mentioning the reason for leave. Lunch break of 1 hr will be provided Camera monitoring will be done to check the fair work of the employee. PROMOTION POLICY RULE A Policy under which employee gets promotion in the organization which is a reward for excellent performance. Generally to be eligible for promotion a employee must have successfully completed 6 months of employment in Airtel . Internal application process is being carried out and previous records are checked and performance is analysed. Further written test and interviews are done for promotion process. WAGE STRUCTURE The internal relationship between different jobs and wages helps the firm to decide its wage structure. 60% of Employees in Airtel are on variable pay structure which means they are paid according to their work done. At AIRTEL strong pay for performance culture maintains the internal equity. AIRTEL take into consideration factors such as performance and maintaining internal equity to ensure people at same level (in the organization hierarchy) and same performance are paid at the same level. EMPLOYESS MOTIVATION AND WELFARE SCHEMES Motivation is an effective tool for inspiring the workforce and creating confidence among the employees. The work force will be satisfied if management provides them with opportunities to fulfil their physiological and psychological needs. The workers will cooperate voluntarily with management and will contribute maximum to organizational goal. The rates of labour turnover and absenteeism among workers will be low. There will be good human relations in the organisation as friction among the workers themselves and between the workers and management will decrease. AIRTEL always promotes motivation by rewarding the talent through a TOTAL REWARDS APPROACH, performance bonuses, guaranteed cash and also stock option. Tremendous growth in career opportunities makes life at AIRTEL exciting and encouraging towards performance. Motivation tools like on job grooming, involvement in key projects, monitoring programs and exposure across various businesses, AIRTEL offers all its employees, guaranteed job satisfaction resulting in a Total Employee Proposition. Family friendly work options: Flexible time system, telecommuting , part time options. Maternity/ post natal benefits: 12 weeks maternity leave, leave extendable up to 6 months, flexi work location, flexi /part time options. Revised sabbatical policy: Allows for time off for enhancing education up to 1 year personal exigencies limited to half yearly . Travel policy revision: Includes two additional safety norms for women employees. Employee referral policy: Enhanced monetary benefits for referring women employees across all levels. Mentoring program: Initiated for high potential middle management women employees mentoring by senior women supervisor. HEALTH SAFETY RULES All employees have to submit a medical certificate mentioning the physical and psychological fitness. Regular medical check up promotion is done by the AIRTEL group. Suppliers dealing with Bharti Airtel shall comply and adhere to all laws, regulations and guidelines on environment, health and safety. Suppliers will ensure that all new service offerings as well as new product designs are in compliance with the relevant environmental regulation and guidelines, at the time of implementation at Bharti Airtel. TRAINNING AND DEVELOPMENT Vast pool of human resource time to time upgraded in terms of leadership and technical skills through various outsourced and in house training development activities such as process and project management skills and technical skills. By providing world class resources and combined efforts by AIRTEL many employees are being trained and developed to become future leaders . The companys HR is continuously working on launching various initiatives like on job training, apprenticeship training, programmed learning, simulated development, computer base training. AIRTEL also believes in internet based training which includes Teletraining Videoconferencing Development initiative by the company is directed by job rotation in which a management trainee moves department to department for overall learning in organisation. Case study method is also adopted by AIRTEL. Outside seminars are arranged for both employees and employer. (b) Identify any 3 Jobs (one each at Entry Level, Middle Level and Senior Level) within that chosen company. Entry level- sales executive (broadband) Middle level- Area manager (sales) Senior level- General Manager (new business development) JOB DESCRIPTION JOB SPECIFICATION Job description- A list of a jobs duties, responsibilities, reporting relationship, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities. Job specifications- A list of a jobs human requirements, that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on. Job description Sales executive- main aim is to sell broadband connections to the multinational corporation. Cultivate new broadband customers. Briefing the new product regarding broadband to customer Field survey to gather new demand preference in the market Job specification Experience 1 to 2 years Location Ncr/ Delhi Compensation : Rupees 65000 1,22,000 Education: UG GRADUATE, ANY SPECIALIZATION, PGDM in any area Industry Type: Retail Role: Sales Exec./Officer Functional Area: Sales, Job description Area manager- Achieve targeted net adds for all products (voice prepaid/post-paid, data, VAS etc), ensuring quality, across all available sales channels (Distribution, Retail) / CS in the area office Achieve channel infrastructure enhancement targets. Achieve revenue sales target across all products and channels of organisation Manage changes in , organization, trends, people to ensure quality satisfaction with continuity and smooth operations Coaching, monitoring, mentoring and retention of team member Job specification Experience: 9 12 Years Location Ncr / delhi Education UG Graduate Any Specialization PG Course good communication skills Industry Type: Telecom/ISP Role: Area Manager Functional Area: Sales, Job description General manager- To formulate new business development strategies identifying new business opportunities. To manage the IT sector within the organization. Mange the corporate affairs with other multinational corporation Building strong connections with business partners. Strategy and Implementation of All Business SLAs Managing client SLAs for operations Transition management account growth Cross-functional collaboration to enhance performance improved strategies. Workflow Management, Hiring support capacity planning Setting-up and managing operational practices Identify opportunity areas and implement the process for more improved strategies Job specification Experience: 14 20 Years Location: NCR/ delhi Education: UG Graduate Any Specialization PGDM/MBA Any specialization , excellent communication skills Industry Type: telecom Role: Head//GM-Operations Functional Area: IT, research development. DETAILED RECRUITMENT AND STAFFING PROCEDURE AIRTEL HIRING PROCESS APPLICATIONS In AIRTEL existing opening are monitored and accordingly position procedure are being carried out matching candidates profile and area of interest. SCREENING Matching of the profile is done by the company with respect to its requirements and needs. ASSESMENT An aptitude test is required for the job of front line sales. For considering the middle and senior level job occupational personality questionnaire done. INTERVIEW Airtel takes 1-3 rounds of interview process. VERIFICATION In case of final selection credentials are being verified by the company before joining of the candidate. After this process final appointment letter is being offered with companys terms condition memo, that every employee must sign. COMPENSATION PATTERN: INCENTIVES AND BENEFITS AIRTEL FOLLOWS Performance and pay policy Incentive pay scheme- managers often use two terms synonymously incentive plan for the employees, that is applicable to sales over the target achieved. As discussed earlier 60% of the AIRTEL employees are on variable pay that ties to pay to productivity or profitability in one time lump sum. Merit pay as in incentive is generally done by the company for excellent performance by employee in last term of his/her employment AIRTEL also provides NON- MONETARY incentives which includes Employee recognition Gift certificates Special events Merchandise incentives Free training programs Commission plan BENEFITS Benefits are indirect financial and non financial payments employees receive for continuing their employment. They include things like health and life insurance, pensions, time off with pay, and child care assistance. DISCRETIONARY BENEFITS PROVIDED BY AIRTEL EMPLOYER Life and health insurance for family and dependents Housing, subsidiary on housing loans subsidiary ,conveyance allowance, telephone and entertainment allowance, recreational benefits like health clubs and hobby classes, soft loans for asset building. Different types of leaves like study leave, extraordinary leave. Executive perquisites like chauffeur driven car, petrol allowance, and family holidays. Pay for time not worked benefits for time not worked such as unemployment insurance, vacation, and holiday pay, and sick pay. EFFECTIVE TRAINING AND METHODOLOGIES AIRTEL EFFECTIVE TRAINING METHODS For effective training five steps are followed The first, or needs analysis step, identifies the specific job performance skills needed, assesses the prospective trainees skilled and develops specific, measurable knowledge and performance objective based on any deficiencies. In the second step instructional design, you decide on, compile, and produce the training program content, including workbooks, exercise and activities. There may be a third validation step, in which the bugs are worked out of the training program by presenting it to a small representative audience. The fourth step is to implement the program, by actual training the targeted employee group. Fifth is the evaluation step, I which management assesses the programs successes or failures. METHODOLOGIES ADOPTED BY AIRTEL On job training means having a person learn a job actually doing it. Every employee from mailroom clerk to CEO gets on job training when he or she joins the company. Informal learning after a survey done by AIRTEL it was discovered that 80% of the employees learn on the job they learn not through formal training program but through informal means, including performing their jobs on a daily basis in collaboration with their colleagues. Job instruction training program takes place every month in AIRTEL in which logical sequence of steps are best taught step by step. On quarterly basis programmed learning is followed by AIRTEL in which self learning methods that consist of Presenting questions, facts, or problems to learner Allowing the person to respond Providing feedback on the accuracy of answers. OTHER MODEL METHODOLOGIES Computer base training Internet based training Organizing virtual classroom Research method Case study methods University-related programs Role playing Behaviour modelling In house development centre SUITABLE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance management- a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal, and development into a single, common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the companys strategic aim. In AIRTEL performance management system is by the process of planning, monitoring, developing, rating, and rewarding. AIRTEL also focuses on its key result areas (KRA) for better management. AIRTEL performance appraisal include Informal review Formal review IDP Appraisal review and Appeal. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Bharti AIRTEL is doing exceptionally well in recent times it is expected with same quality services in the present scenario it will overtake china Unicom in few years making it the world leader in telecommunication. Entering in African and Channel Island indicates it desire for expansion and to become globally known company, with the same pace it might also enter in other continent to increase its global market share. Good relations with business support partners like Ericsson, Siemens networks and IBM makes its outsourcing quit well Companys profit and assets are increasing good rate, it is expected in year 2020 it will cross 3.09 billion turnovers. AIRTEL strong HR policies help in maintaining its corporate governance structure. AIRTEL can enter into the mobile market in India as demand is at its peak. Better customer schemes support services would make AIRTEL to capture the competitor market.

Cannibalism Essay example -- Religion Violence Cannibal Essays

Cannibalism Cannibalism has been around since the beginning of time. Mainly as an act of defense or as an alternate, last resort, for food. Cannibalism is also used as an act of violence among animals to preserve their genetics. Human cannibalism however, was not used as an act of violence to cause pain and anguish amongst other human beings. Cannibalism within the human race is widely known throughout the world, though you may not know it. From New Guinea to the high deserts of Arizona the practice of cannibalism has been used. Why cannibalism was practiced is still a mystery to many. Some think it actually was an act of violence, to torture the souls of others as revenge for invading the other person’s territory. Cannibalism, however, has much more meaning than most people actually think. As a religious practice cannibalism is very important to many tribes around the world. Great consequences await those who do not cannibalize their dead. As a source of food, the people who resorted to this were in situations of life or death. They did not kill people around them to survive, but ate the already deceased. However, there are some cases of cannibalism that are not necessary, and have yet to be determined what would provoke someone to eat another person just because they wanted too. For the most part though, cannibalism throughout the world has been questioned but none have really ventured out to find the true answers to it. A very curious subject indeed, cannibalism is not as grim a subject as most people have thought it to be. Although cannibalism is thought to be heatless and cruel, under dire circumstances and for religious purposes, it is not an act of malice. Like many things cannibalism has differe... ... very universal. Cannibalism is not an act of malice to cause pain and anguish to those being cannibalized, for many it is for the better of their people. For survival means, had those people lost not cannibalized the deceased members of their party, no one would have survived. While there are still some cases of cannibalism that are not justified the ones that are recorded are few and far between. Cannibalism is a way of life for some people, why should which be looked down upon and grimaced at? Cannibals are human just like anyone else, with different beliefs and ways of life. It is not cruel to release a loved ones soul into the afterlife, or to make use of a friend that would probably want you to live through something that they happened not to live through. They are not cruel, they cannibalize because it is part of them, in order to live their life.

In Favor of Class Size Amendment in Florida :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

In Favor of Class Size Amendment in Florida Merely glimpsing into a handful of the classrooms that scatter the state should signal that we have a blatant problem with too many students. With an average of 23 students per teacher from kindergarten to fifth grade and a staggering average of almost 28 per teacher in high schools, one might wonder exactly how any young person can obtain a comprehensive education. The correlations between classroom sizes and school grades around the state clearly depict the problem at hand: from 2003 to 2004 the number of failing schools increased from 35 to a grand total of 49 schools, according to the Florida Department of Education. Although the incline of fourteen failing schools may not stupefy the masses, the ascension alone should warn officials that it is not only our students who are failing, but our current method of handling them as well. To solve this problem, in November of 2002, Florida's voters passed Constitutional Amendment 9, which limits class sizes in Florida's public schools. The established limits are 18 students in prekindergarten through grade three, 22 students in grades four through eight, and 25 students in grades nine through twelve. Although it may seem to be a rather straightforward problem to solve, according to Governor Jeb Bush, it is quite the opposite. Specifically, he is overly worried about the price-tag associated with this class-size amendment. Obviously, greatly increasing the number of classrooms statewide does not transpire with little effort or funding, but this alone does not justify Bush's persistent effort to wipe aside the idea of Floridian students being able to obtain a more comfortable and extensive education. So, why exactly should decreasing class sizes be held with utmost importance regardless of the costly efforts required to put this plan into action?

Assignment-I International Business

ALLIANCE BUSINESS SCHOOL SUBJECT- GLOBAL DIMENSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT NO. -1 DATE: 02/03/11 SUBMITTED TO: Prof. M V NARASIMHAN SUBMITTED BY: Akshay Shah Answer: 1 IMPACT OF POLITICAL TURMOIL IN EGYPT ON GLOBAL BUSINESS: Political turbulence in Egypt in casting a poll on world financial markets driving up the prices of crude oil & food and creating new risks for the shaky world economy in the months ahead. Following are the impacts of political turmoil in Egypt on global business: †¢Oil prices reached last week their highest 110 dollar per barrel of raw oil since 2008 & investors sold off both stocks and bonds of many developing nations, particularly in the middle east. †¢ The turbulence on financial markets shows how political upheaval in one place- first Tunisia, now Egypt- can set off hard to predict reverberations around the world, possibly undermining the global economic recovery. †¢ Investors are most concerned that other Muslim nations, particu larly those of autocratic leadership & vast oil reserves, will soon see their ruling regimes threatened as well. International organizations also trying to monitor more urgent concerns, what’s going on in Egypt has again reminded world that the world economy is not out of the woods & that things we do not anticipate can have a significant negative effect on global markets & risk sentiment. †¢ Because of political & business instability in Egypt- lead with the problems with foreign receipts & currency. †¢ Economist & Investors all around the world have fear that political developments could disrupt oil exports from Saudi Arabia or other oil reserved nations. †¢The greatest threat for global economy- absent a spread of popular revolt to other nations in the middle east or beyond – is the disruption of shopping through the Suez Canal. †¢ In forthcoming days, it will be challenge for government to keep the political stability in Egypt, for smooth busine ss functioning throughout the world & controlling oil prices which are on their peak. Answer 2: IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN GLOBAL BUSINESS ECONOMY: In a legal sense, term property refers to a resource over which an individual or business holds a legal title; that is a resource that it owns.Resource include land, building, equipment, capital, minerals rights, business and intellectual property. Property Rights refer to the bundle of legal rights over the use to which a resource is put and over the use made of any income that may be derived from that resource. Property Rights are important in the global business economy because:†¢ The philosophy behind protecting property rights in the global business economy, as it is reward to the originator of a new invention, books, musical record, clothes design, restaurant chain and the like; for his or her idea & effort.Such property rights are very important stimulus to innovation and creative work. They provide An incentive for peo ple to search for novel ways of doing things and they reward creativity. e. g. – Consider an innovation in automobile industry; say a use of non conventional fuel to be used in all kinds of vehicles with maximum efficiency and low cost of fuel. This gives automobile firms an incentive to undertake the expensive, difficult and time consuming basic research required to generate new fuel. (It can cost $800 million in R & D and take 10 years to set a new fuel in the market) Also economic evidences suggests that high levels of corruption i. e. theft of property rights significantly reduce the foreign direct investment, level of international trade, & economic growth rate in a country. By siphoning off profits corrupts politicians & bureaucrats reduce the returns to business investment and hence reduce the incentive of both domestic and foreign businesses to invest in that country. Because of all the above reasons explained it is important to protect property rights to benefit inno vator, consumers and to promote healthy competition.The protection of intellectual property rights differ greatly from country to country. While Many countries have straight intellectual property regulations on their books. Now, 188 countries are members of the â€Å"World Intellectual Property Organization†, all of whom have signed international treaties designed to protect intellectual property. Answer: 3 CULTURE AT WORK PLACE BY GEERT HOEFSTEDE: Of considerable importance for an international business with operations in different countries is a how a society’s culture affects the values found in the workplace.Probably the most famous study of how culture relates to values in the workplace was undertaken by ‘Geert Hoefstede’. As a part of his ob as a psychologist working for IBM, Hoefstede collected data on employee attitudes and values for more than 1,00,000 individuals from 1967 to 1973. This data enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries Hoefstede isolated into 4 dimensions:†¢ Hoefstede’s ‘Power Distance’ dimension focussed on how a society deals with the fact That people are unequal in physical & intellectual capabilities.According to Hoefstede, high power distance cultures were found in countries that let inequalities grow over time into inequalities of power & wealth. †¢ The ‘Individualism versus Collectivism’ dimension focussed on the relationship between The individual and his or her fellows. Individualistic societies, the ties between individuals were loose and individual achievement and freedom were highly valued. In societies where collectivism was emphasized; the ties between individuals were tight. †¢Hoefstede’s ‘Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension’ measured the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations & forecasting uncertainty. Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures plac ed a premium on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits and so on. Lower uncertainty avoidance cultures were characterized by a greater readiness to take risks & less emotional resistance to change. †¢ Hoefstede’s ‘Masculinity versus Feminity’ dimensions looked at the relationship between gender & work roles.In masculine cultures, sex roles were sharply differentiated and traditional â€Å"Masculine Values†, such as achievement & effective exercise of power, determined culture ideals. In Feminine cultures sex roles are sharply distinguished, the little differentiation was made between men & women in the same job. Hoefstede created on index score for each of these 4 dimensions that ranged from 0 to 100 And scored high individualism, high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, & high Masculinity. He averaged the score for all employees from a given country: . g. : Power distance 1) Britain 2) Canada 3) US 4) India 5) Indonesia 6) Mexico 35 39 40 77 78 81 Uncertainty 35 48 46 40 48 82 Individualism Masculinity 89 80 91 48 14 30 From the above table it shows, western nations such as US, Canada, Britain scores High on the individualism scale & low on the power distance scale. At the other extreme are a group of Latin America (Mexico) and Asia (India, Indonesia) that emphasize collectivism over individualism and score high on their power distance scale. 66 52 62 56 46 69

How Starbucks Uses Pricing Strategy Essay

Last Thursday Starbucks raised their beverage prices by an average of 1% across the U.S, a move that represented the company’s first significant price increase in 18 months. I failed to notice because the price change didn’t affect grande or venti (medium and large) brewed coffees and I don’t mess with smaller sizes, but anyone who purchases tall size (small) brews saw as much as a 10 cent increase. The company’s third quarter net income rose 25% to $417.8 million from $333.1 million a year earlier, and green coffee prices have plummeted, so what gives? Starbucks claims the price increase is due to rising labor and non-coffee commodity costs, but with the significantly lower coffee costs already improving their profit margins, it seems unlikely this justification is the true reason for the hike in prices. In addition, the price hike was applied to less than a third of their beverages and only targets certain regions. Implementing such a specific and minor price increase when the bottom line is already in great shape might seem like a greedy tactic, but the Starbucks approach to pricing is one we can all use to improve our margins. As we’ve said before, it only takes a 1% increase in prices to raise profits by an average of 11%. Value Based Pricing Can Boost Margins For the most part, Starbucks is a master of employing value based pricing to maximize profits, and they use research and customer analysis to formulate targeted price increases that capture the greatest amount consumers are willing to pay without driving them off. Profit maximization is the process by which a company determines the price and product output level that generates the most profit. While that may seem obvious to anyone involved in running a business, it’s rare to see companies using a value based pricing approach to effectively uncover the maximum amount a customer base is willing to spend on their products. As such, let’s take a look at how Starbucks introduces price hikes and see how you can use their approach to  generate higher profits. While cutting prices is widely accepted as the best way to keep customers during tough times, the practice is rarely based on a deeper analysis or testing of an actual customer base. In Starbucks’ case, price increases throughout the company’s history have already deterred the most price sensitive customers, leaving a loyal, higher-income consumer base that perceives these coffee beverages as an affordable luxury. In order to compensate for the customers lost to cheaper alternatives like Dunkin Donuts, Starbucks raises prices to maximize profits from these price insensitive customers who now depend on their strong gourmet coffee. Rather than trying to compete with cheaper chains like Dunkin, Starbucks uses price hikes to separate itself from the pack and reinforce the premium image of their brand and products. Since their loyal following isn’t especially price sensitive, Starbucks coffee maintains a fairly inelastic demand curve, and a small price increase can have a huge positive impact on their margins without decreasing demand for beverages. In addition, only certain regions are targeted for each price increase, and prices vary across the U.S. depending on the current markets in those areas (the most recent hike affects the Northeast and Sunbelt regions, but Florida and California prices remain the same). They also apply price increases to specific drinks and sizes rather than the whole lot. By raising the price of the tall size brewed coffee exclusively, Starbucks is able to capture consumer surplus from the customers who more value in upgrading to grande after witnessing the price of a small drip with tax climb over the $2 mark. By versioning the product in this way, the company can enjoy a slightly higher margin from these customers who were persuaded by the price hike to purchase larger sizes. Starbucks also expertly communicates their price increases to manipulate consumer perception. The price hike might be based on an analysis of the customer’s willingness to pay, but they associate the increase with what appears to be a fair reason. Using increased commodity costs to justify the price as well as statements that aim to make the hike look insignificant (less than a third of beverages will be affected, for example) help foster an attitude of acceptance. What can Your Business Learn From Starbucks? The profit maximizing tactics Starbucks implements in their pricing strategy are vital components of a process anyone can use. Here are some of the takeaways you can apply to your own business: 1. Study your customer personas. Starbucks understands that the majority of their customer base is fairly insensitive to price, and uses small price increases that everyday consumers barely notice to boost margins. Quantify your buyer personas and the demand for your product or service will help you choose a price that captures the maximum amount your customers are willing to pay. 2. Justify the exchange rate for your product. Communicating price increases effectively is crucial to a successful price hike, and managing customer perception is a key part of the Starbucks strategy. Support your price increases using changes in the market such as higher commodity costs and ease the pain on the consumer by finding an attractive way to publicize the new prices. Starbucks said their beverage prices were increasing by an average of 1%, but that low average probably stemmed from including all of their beverages in the equation, including ones that remained at the same prices. 3. Use product differentiation to put your company in the lead. You can justify maximizing your profits using the fairest of reasons, but if the customers don’t value your service the way they value a delicious cup of coffee, then a decrease in demand is inevitable. Build a service or product that consumers can’t live without, and you’ll be able to implement price hikes without turning off your customers. 4. Don’t increase the prices of the products with the highest margins. Raise the prices of the products surrounding them. As mentioned earlier, Starbucks raised the price of the tall size brew exclusively in order to persuade customers to purchase larger sizes (with slightly higher margins). Price hikes for your lower margin products can entice customers to upgrade to more expensive options, especially with respect to products and services that are tiered based on time usage and features. The goal is to use the price increases to guide the customer towards your most profitable product.